The problem of population is one of the greatest problems. India has been facing for years. It creates many problems and hampers the all-round development of a nation-Ours is an over populated country. As a result, we face many difficulties. Lack of sanitation and nutrition, poverty and unemployment, illiteracy and pollution are some of them. Due to awful increase in population most of us can't yet enjoy the minimum services in terms of education, medical facilities, means of communication, housing and all other civic amenities. Over-population affects our agriculture and industry. Deforestation is another serious consequence of over-population.
The problem of population can be discussed in the light of record. India contains 16% of the world population possessing only 2.4% and 1.5% of the total land area and income of the world respectively. This inadequate resource mobilisation, Government inefficiency, ineffective policy formulation and a number of short-coming. Main reasons are for the large growth in population in India are as under-
(a) Decline in the death rates; and
(b) A persistently high birth rate.
Birth rates and mortality rates are the two major statistical instruments for studying the population trend. In India, the birth rates and death rates were almost equal between 1901 and 1921, which explains why population did not increase in this period. From 1921 onward, improvements in medical facilities and check over epidemics reduced the death rates, although there was widespread poverty. After independence, special measures undertaken by health and family planning programmers further reduced the infants mortality rates. Birth rates too, have declined over the years but the decreate in death rates, lead to high population growth.
Population control is the need of the hour. Family planning, immunization in programmers, women awareness are to be emphasized with holy approach to combat this problem.
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